|
2: Rues Bichat and Alibert (Le Petit Cambodge; Le Carillon) 3: Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi (Café Bonne Bière; La Casa Nostra) 4: The Bataclan theatre 5: Rue de Charonne (La Belle Équipe) 6: Boulevard Voltaire (Comptoir Voltaire) |date = – |timezone = CET |type = Mass shooting, suicide bombing, hostage taking |weapons = AK-47 assault rifles Hand grenades Suicide belts| |fatalities = 130 victims 7 perpetrators |injuries = 368〔 (80–99 critically)〔 |perps = Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant }} On the evening of 13 November 2015, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks occurred in Paris, the capital of France, and its northern suburb, Saint-Denis. Beginning at 21:20 CET, three suicide bombers struck near the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, followed by suicide bombings and mass shootings at cafés, restaurants and a music venue in Paris.〔 The attackers killed 130 people,〔 including 89 at the Bataclan theatre, where they took hostages before engaging in a stand-off with police. There were 368 injuries, 80–99 serious.〔 Seven of the attackers also died, while authorities continued to search for accomplices.〔 The attacks were the deadliest on France since World War II, and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004. France had been on high alert since the January 2015 attacks in Paris that killed 17 people, including civilians and police officers.〔 The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attacks, saying it was in retaliation for the French airstrikes on ISIL targets in Syria and Iraq.〔 The President of France, François Hollande, said the attacks were an act of war by ISIL planned in Syria, organised in Belgium, and perpetrated with French complicity. In response, a state of emergency was declared,〔 and temporary border checks were introduced.〔 On 15 November, France launched the biggest airstrike of Opération Chammal, its contribution to the anti-ISIL bombing campaign, striking ISIL targets in Al-Raqqah. On 18 November, the suspected lead operative of the attacks, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, was killed in a police raid in Saint-Denis, along with at least two other people. ==Background== France had been on high alert for terrorism since the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting and a series of related attacks in January by militants belonging to Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula,〔 and had increased security in anticipation of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, scheduled to be held in Paris at the beginning of December, as well as reinstating border checks a week before the attacks.〔 Throughout 2015, France witnessed smaller attacks: the February stabbing of three soldiers guarding a Jewish community centre in Nice, the June attempt to blow up a factory in Saint-Quentin Fallavier, and the August shooting and stabbing attack on a passenger train. The Bataclan theatre had been threatened a number of times because of its public support for Israel. Two Jewish brothers, Pascal and Joël Laloux, owned the Bataclan for more than 40 years before selling it in September 2015. In 2011, a group calling itself Army of Islam told French security services they had planned an attack on the Bataclan because its owners were Jewish.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pourquoi le Bataclan est-il régulièrement visé? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/french-mag-bataclan-an-islamist-target-due-to-jewish-owners )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/uriks/Fransk-magasin---Bataclan-har-jodiske-eiere-8243620.html )〕 In the weeks leading up to the Paris attacks, ISIL and its branches had claimed responsibility for several other attacks: the suicide bombings in Ankara on 10 October, the downing of Metrojet Flight 9268 on 31 October〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Updates: Russian airliner crashes in Egypt's Sinai peninsula )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Russian plane that crashed in Egypt 'broke up in air' )〕 and the suicide bombings in Beirut on 12 November. Intelligence agencies in Turkey, Iraq and Israel had all warned of an imminent attack on France months beforehand, but were ignored by the French authorities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=French Jews Warned Friday Morning of 'Impending Large Terrorist Attack' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turkey warned France over key Paris terrorist suspect, official says )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turkey Says It Warned France Twice About Paris Attacker )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Before Paris Terror Attacks, Turkey Warned France About Omar Ismaïl Mostefai, Requests Not Received Until After Bombing )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「November 2015 Paris attacks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|